Learning guide
How to Cite Sources in Chicago 18
Chicago 18 has two citation systems. Notes & Bibliography is common in the humanities, while Author-Date is common in sciences and social sciences.
Method
- Confirm which Chicago system your assignment requires.
- Identify author, title and publication information.
- For journal articles, include volume, issue, year and full page range.
- Use a DOI-based URL when available for online journal articles.
Worked example
Bibliography entries place the year near the end for books.
Author-Date reference entries place the year immediately after the author.
Notes
- Chicago 18 no longer requires a place of publication for ordinary modern books.
- For more than six authors, bibliography entries use the first three followed by et al.
- Chicago source-specific exceptions are extensive.
Continue with the related tools
This guide explains the method; use the calculator or tool pages for your own inputs and scenarios.
- MLA Citation Generator — Generate MLA Handbook 9th edition works-cited entries for journal articles, webpages, books and book chapters with DOI metadata import.
- APA Citation Generator — Generate APA Style 7th edition reference-list entries for journal articles, webpages, books and book chapters with DOI metadata import.
- ASA Citation Generator — Generate American Sociological Association 7th edition references for journal articles, webpages, books and book chapters.